Kala Niketan Lehenga Printed On Non Woven Fabric Bag W 15” x H 16.5” x G 5”

1. Material Selection:
   • Non-Woven Fabric: Non-woven fabrics are typically made from synthetic materials like polypropylene, which can be produced with fewer resources and energy compared to traditional woven fabrics. The production process involves bonding fibers together using chemical, mechanical, or thermal methods, reducing the need for extensive water and chemical usage associated with traditional textile manufacturing.
   • Recyclability: Many non-woven fabrics are recyclable, which helps reduce waste and allows the materials to be reused in new products, minimizing the environmental impact.
2. Production Process:
   • Energy Efficiency: The manufacturing process of non-woven fabrics is generally more energy-efficient than that of woven fabrics. The process skips several steps such as spinning, weaving, and knitting, leading to lower energy consumption.
   • Lower Emissions: The simplified production process results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional textile production methods.
3. Durability and Reusability:
   • Long Lifespan: Non-woven fabric bags are durable and can be reused multiple times, which reduces the need for single-use plastic bags and other disposable packaging options.
   • Reduced Waste: By promoting the use of reusable bags, the overall waste generated by single-use bags is reduced, contributing to lower landfill use and reduced environmental pollution.

Low Carbon Footprint of Eco Lehenga Printed On Non-Woven Fabric Bag

1. Raw Material Efficiency:
   • Polypropylene Production: Polypropylene, a common material for non-woven fabrics, has a relatively low carbon footprint compared to other synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon. It requires less energy to produce and has lower associated greenhouse gas emissions.
   • Less Water Use: The production of non-woven fabrics generally requires less water than traditional textiles, which helps reduce the overall carbon footprint related to water treatment and management.
2. Manufacturing Process:
   • Simplified Process: As mentioned, the manufacturing process of non-woven fabrics skips several steps required for woven textiles. This reduction in process steps directly translates to lower energy consumption and reduced carbon emissions.
   • Local Production: If the non-woven fabric bags are produced locally or regionally, transportation emissions are minimized compared to importing materials from distant locations.
3. Lifecycle Impact:
   • Extended Use: The reusable nature of non-woven fabric bags means they can replace numerous single-use plastic bags over their lifespan. This extended use significantly reduces the carbon footprint over time as fewer resources are needed to produce disposable alternatives.
   • End-of-Life Management: Non-woven fabric bags that are recyclable contribute to a circular economy, where materials are continually repurposed and reused, further minimizing their environmental impact.

1. Material Production:
   • Polypropylene production (energy consumption and CO2 emissions).
2. Manufacturing Process:
   • Energy consumption for the non-woven fabric manufacturing process.
   • CO2 emissions from the manufacturing process.
3. Transportation:
   • CO2 emissions from transporting raw materials to the manufacturing site.
   • CO2 emissions from transporting the finished product to consumers.
4. Usage:
   • Number of uses replacing single-use plastic bags.
5. End-of-Life:
   • Disposal or recycling emissions.

1. Material Production

• Polypropylene Production:
  • Average CO2 emissions for producing 1 kg of polypropylene: ~1.7 kg CO2e/kg.
  • Weight of one non-woven fabric bag: ~0.05 kg (50 grams).
  $$\text{CO2 emissions for material}=0.05\text{ kg}\times 1.7\text{ kg CO2e/kg}=0.085\text{ kg CO2e}$$

2. Manufacturing Process

• Energy Consumption:
  • Energy required to produce 1 kg of non-woven fabric: ~4 kWh.
  • CO2 emissions per kWh (assuming average electricity mix): ~0.5 kg CO2e/kWh.
  $$\text{Energy required for one bag}=0.05\text{ kg}\times 4\text{ kWh/kg}=0.2\text{ kWh}$$ $$\text{CO2 emissions from manufacturing}=0.2\text{ kWh}\times 0.5\text{ kg CO2e/kWh}=0.1\text{ kg CO2e}$$

3. Transportation

• Raw Material Transportation:
  • Assuming average distance and mode of transport, estimated at ~0.01 kg CO2e per bag.
• Finished Product Transportation:
  • Assuming average distance and mode of transport, estimated at ~0.01 kg CO2e per bag.
  $$\text{Total transportation emissions}=0.01\text{ kg CO2e}+0.01\text{ kg CO2e}=0.02\text{ kg CO2e}$$

4. Usage

• Reduction in Single-Use Plastic Bags:
  • Assuming one non-woven bag replaces 50 single-use plastic bags.
  • Average CO2 emissions for one single-use plastic bag: ~0.01 kg CO2e.
  $$\text{CO2 emissions saved}=50\times 0.01\text{ kg CO2e}=0.5\text{ kg CO2e}$$

5. End-of-Life

• Recycling or Disposal:
  • Recycling emissions for polypropylene: ~0.02 kg CO2e per bag.

Total Carbon Footprint Calculation

$$\text{Total CO2 emissions}=\text{Material production}+\text{Manufacturing}+\text{Transportation}+\text{End-of-Life}$$ $$\text{Total CO2 emissions}=0.085\text{ kg CO2e}+0.1\text{ kg CO2e}+0.02\text{ kg CO2e}+0.02\text{ kg CO2e}=0.225\text{ kg CO2e}$$ $$\text{Net CO2 savings}=0.5\text{ kg CO2e (saved)}-0.225\text{ kg CO2e (emitted)}=0.275\text{ kg CO2e}$$

References and Scientific Explanation

1. Energy and Environmental Analysis of Nonwoven Fabric Manufacturing:
   • A study on the energy and environmental impacts of nonwoven fabric manufacturing highlights the lower energy requirements and reduced greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production process compared to traditional textiles (Muthu, S.S. et al., 2012).
2. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment:
   • Life cycle assessments (LCAs) comparing non-woven polypropylene bags to single-use plastic bags have shown that reusable non-woven bags have a significantly lower environmental impact when used multiple times (Environmental Agency, UK, 2011).
3. Material Efficiency:
   • Research on polypropylene production indicates that it has one of the lower carbon footprints among synthetic fibers, making it a more sustainable choice for fabric production (Al-Ali, A.A. et al., 2014).